Formation and release of fibrils and functional particles in washing process

Abstract

Most textile products under the conditions of the washing process release fibrils, which are often carriers of other chemical substances, such as micro/ nanoparticles of dyes, pigments, functional substances, surfactants and softeners that affect on environmental systems. The type and amount of released particles depends on material composition, degree of finishing, wearabilitye and washing conditions. The paper addresses the problem of the formation and release of fibrils, functional and microplastic particles (MP). Research results and examples of best practices to reduce the environmental impact of these particles are highlighted.